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Most of Sartre's literary output reflects his existentialism, although in 1960 he began writing a four-volume study of Gustave Flaubert that combines Marxist and Freudian approaches. In his first novel, NauseaBeing and Nothingness. In the most famous part of the novel, Roquentin comes up against the impenetrableness of things in the form of a gnarled old chestnut tree root, whose opaqueness to his understanding eventually demonstrates to him the ultimate absurdity of an existence that cannot be analyzed. In subsequent works, particularly his short stories in Intimacy (1939; Eng. trans., 1949), his other novels, and his plays, Sartre presents the ethical dilemmas generated by one's commitment to a course of action, usually political action. This is particularly clear in the three novels that are collectively entitled The Roads To Freedom (1945-49; Eng. trans., 1947-50). |
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